U.S. would expand Ukraine aid and sharply tighten pressure on Russia

The bill states Congress’s support for Ukraine, condemns Russia’s invasion and the kidnapping of Ukrainian children, and reaffirms the importance of NATO. It authorizes U. S. use of war‑risk insurance for ships moving cargo to and from Ukraine and creates an “Insurance for Ukraine Initiative” at the State Department to encourage war‑risk insurance and investment in Ukraine’s economy. It codifies a Special Coordinator for Ukrainian Reconstruction at the State Department and creates a Ukraine Reconstruction Trust Fund in the U. S.

Treasury, funded by taxes on certain Russian sovereign assets, to pay for rebuilding, humanitarian aid, and economic development in Ukraine. The bill extends and expands U. S. defense support. It lengthens the Ukraine lend‑lease authority through 2028 and requires reports on equipment loaned and plans to return it. It raises and repurposes loan authority for direct loans and foreign military financing for Ukraine and NATO allies, and adds new funding for Baltic countries’ military and border forces. It continues the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative through 2027.

It also mandates recurring reports to Congress on allied military contributions to Ukraine and on U. S. -Ukraine intelligence support and cooperation. The bill creates a large sanctions and export‑control regime tied to a recurring presidential determination about Russia’s actions in or toward Ukraine.

If the President finds that Russia is waging a war of aggression, refusing sincere peace talks, or violating a peace deal, the President must impose sanctions on named Russian banks, other Russian financial institutions, major oil, gas, coal, mining and mineral firms, senior Russian officials and military leaders, Rosatom and its nuclear dealings, persons tied to a Crimea tunnel or the occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, and persons involved in kidnapping Ukrainian children or Russia–North Korea arms cooperation.

It also targets vessels that carry Russian oil above the G7 price cap and financial messaging services (like SWIFT access) for Russian banks. It raises U. S. import duties on Russian goods to at least 500 percent and closes a loophole on products refined abroad from Russian oil. The bill adds export controls on foreign‑produced items that are direct products of U. S. technology when those items are headed to Russia, with specific carve‑outs for food, medicine, medical devices, and certain communications tools.

It directs agencies to design strategies to stop exports of key electronics and technologies that can support Iranian unmanned aircraft systems and to consider military options to deny Iran such technology when it might be used in the Ukraine conflict. It also requires a U. S. strategy on U. S. –European nuclear energy cooperation to reduce Russia’s role in Europe’s nuclear fuel and services and authorizes funds to help allies build secure nuclear power programs. The bill spells out how sanctions are implemented, exceptions (for humanitarian aid, UN obligations, and U. S.

national security activities), conditions for termination and automatic re‑imposition, and a special congressional review process if a President tries to lift or weaken major Russia sanctions.